Блинова Анна Николаевна

The article discusses the problems of preservation and actualization of the nonmaterial cultural heritage of the Russian Germans. The events of ethnic history led to the formation of the unique cultural heritage of the Russian Germans. Such events include numerous migrations, deportations, resettlement, mobilization into the labor army, emigration movement in the late twentieth century. The authors focus on the main types of non-material cultural heritage of Russian Germans and characterize them. Some types of this heritage no longer exist in the culture of modern Germany. In the work aimed at reviving, preserving and updating the cultural heritage of the people, the leading role is played by public organizations at various levels - from federal to local meeting centers and museums. Russian Germans are rapidly losing unique objects of non-material cultural heritage - the dialects of the German language. For this reason, in recent years work has been done to record and preserve this element of culture: scientific linguistic expeditions are organized, databases are created, dialect courses are offered to children, in which speakers of dialects introduce students to different local variants of the German language, and content in dialects is created for various media resources. The song, poetic and prose folklore of Russian Germans survives in rare forms (e.g. songs sung in dialect, bilingual Russian-German songs, compositions written in the labor army, or schwanki). As before, elements of calendar and wedding ceremonies of Russian Germans are still distinctly ethnic in character. They are also recorded and reproduced in various forms not only in the work of social organizations but also in family practices. Many types of material cultural heritage also have non-material forms, such as the tradition and technology of spruce-making or the food practices of the people - many projects are also aimed at their popularization. Many of these elements of non-material cultural heritage have become important tools in the construction of ethnic identity

The article considers the museums of Russian Germans, reveals their role in preserving the cultural memory of the people and forming their ethnic identity through exposition and exhibition activities. The intensive process of museumization of the cultural heritage of Germans in Russia began in the 1990s as a response to the emigration to Germany of a significant number of representatives of this ethnic group. Self-organization and public initiative played a major role in this process, because the process of organizing most museums started from the bottom. The main exposition technique is the reconstruc© Блинова А. Н., 2023 88 Блинова А. Н. Этнопедагогика в музее (на примере музеев российских немцев) tion of the interior of a dwelling house of the second third of the 20th century, but there are museums that specialize in a particular theme. The museum “Old German School Waldwinkel” in Ilyichevo, Polessky district, Kaliningrad region, tells about the established system of public education of the German population in this territory until 1945. The article describes the history of the museum and characterizes its collection. The main visitors of this museum are schoolchildren, and the methods of work with visitors are interactive