PECULIARITIES OF UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN AMONG THE VOLGA GERMANS IN THE LATE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES: FROM BIRTH TO CONFIRMATION

Abstract

The article studies the system of upbringing of children in peasant families of the Volga region Germans in a small period of time from the end of the XIX century to the deportation of the German population in 1941 to the regions of Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Far East. Among the main components are early involvement of children in labor duties, education of law-abidingness, respect for elders and obedience to them, responsibility, neatness, tidiness, love of music and song, deep religiosity, compulsory literacy, a combination of punishments and rewards, orientation to intra-family values and traditional family. The peculiarities of economy and everyday life, conditions of autonomous and isolated existence of the ethnic group from the neighboring environment of other Volga peoples, unique language of communication consisting of the preserved dialects of the German lands of the second half of the XVIII century, highly spiritual culture, as well as the creation in 1924—1941 of the only state formation of the Germans in Russia - the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Volga Germans (ASSR NP) — became the basis for this system of education