Vol. 1 No. 4 (2023)

The article analyzes the problems of child homelessness and neglect in Kuzbass. The characteristics of the material, living conditions of detention, provision of pupils in children's distribution centers and orphanages are given. The issues of physical condition, education, the formation of a communist worldview and morality, as well as the employment of graduates of orphanages, the problems of their supply with housing, clothing and shoes are considered. The authors conclude that the level of homelessness and neglect in the rear area of the country in the post-war years was high. Multinational children's collectives contained orphans taken from the siege of Leningrad, children of repressed parents and special settlers, children of dead front-line soldiers, as well as children abandoned by mobilized workers from many parts and regions of the Soviet Union. The situation of the pupils of children's institutions in Kuzbass was significantly influenced by the difficulties experienced by the country's population in the post-war period. The article is based on documentary sources kept in the Information Center of the Main Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kemerovo Region

The article analyzes the works studying the problems of social and actual orphanhood during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war period with reference to the materials of some regions and oblasts of the USSR. It is concluded that the regional approach to the study of the question in question makes it possible to find and introduce personalized and specific data into scientific circulation, to reveal not only the general features but also the specifics of the manifestation and solution of the problems of orphanhood, homelessness and neglect in the war and post-war years in the field

In the article, the author analyzes the system of officer training in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s. The Soviet normative legal acts are taken into account, the continuity of legislation that determined the state of personnel training is shown, the directions of activity of the NKVD bodies to improve personnel training are investigated, and the characteristics of educational institutions are given. The author states that during the Great Patriotic War, the military educational institutions of the NKVD troops did a lot of work on training and educating officers for this kind of troops

The article studies the system of upbringing of children in peasant families of the Volga region Germans in a small period of time from the end of the XIX century to the deportation of the German population in 1941 to the regions of Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Far East. Among the main components are early involvement of children in labor duties, education of law-abidingness, respect for elders and obedience to them, responsibility, neatness, tidiness, love of music and song, deep religiosity, compulsory literacy, a combination of punishments and rewards, orientation to intra-family values and traditional family. The peculiarities of economy and everyday life, conditions of autonomous and isolated existence of the ethnic group from the neighboring environment of other Volga peoples, unique language of communication consisting of the preserved dialects of the German lands of the second half of the XVIII century, highly spiritual culture, as well as the creation in 1924—1941 of the only state formation of the Germans in Russia - the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Volga Germans (ASSR NP) — became the basis for this system of education

The article is devoted to the problems of public education and social education of the Marxstad district of the Labor Commune (Oblast) of the Volga Germans — the first autonomous formation in the Volga region within the RSFSR, which existed from October 19, 1918 to December 19, 1923. This period is poorly covered in works on the history of public education of the German Volga region. The article uses the materials of two © Серенькая И. Н., 2023 60 Серенькая И. Н. Народное образование и социальное воспитание Марксштадского уезда в 1918—1923 гг. fonds of the State Historical Archive of the Volga Region Germans in Engels, which have not been covered by researchers. The catastrophic increase of homeless children set a task for the new authorities to organize social education institutions. The Department of Public Education, established in August 1918, faced a whole range of problems: the difficult situation of teachers, the shortage and inconsistency of school buildings, and the hostile attitude of the population towards Soviet changes. Despite the lack of money, misunderstanding and unwillingness of the population to accept revolutionary changes in schools, difficulties associated with the difficult situation in the county during the Civil War and famine of 1921, the new authorities solved these difficult tasks as much as possible

The article deals with the problem of functioning of orphanages for Spanish children in the system of the People's Commissariat of Education. On the basis of documentary materials the Soviet policy towards Spanish children, the peculiarities of their education and upbringing are considered. Special attention is paid to such issues as the number of Spanish orphanages, the peculiarities of the educational process, the pedagogical staff of Spanish schools. Special attention is paid to the work of Spanish teachers. It is concluded that the creation of a closed system of specialized orphanages was slowing down the process of integration of Spanish children into Soviet society

The article presents the historical experience of the formation of the German national school in Western Siberia in the late XIX — mid XX centuries. The article examines the fate of some prominent teachers who had a significant impact on the formation of professional staff of such schools in the post-war period and developed textbooks in German

The article considers the museums of Russian Germans, reveals their role in preserving the cultural memory of the people and forming their ethnic identity through exposition and exhibition activities. The intensive process of museumization of the cultural heritage of Germans in Russia began in the 1990s as a response to the emigration to Germany of a significant number of representatives of this ethnic group. Self-organization and public initiative played a major role in this process, because the process of organizing most museums started from the bottom. The main exposition technique is the reconstruc© Блинова А. Н., 2023 88 Блинова А. Н. Этнопедагогика в музее (на примере музеев российских немцев) tion of the interior of a dwelling house of the second third of the 20th century, but there are museums that specialize in a particular theme. The museum “Old German School Waldwinkel” in Ilyichevo, Polessky district, Kaliningrad region, tells about the established system of public education of the German population in this territory until 1945. The article describes the history of the museum and characterizes its collection. The main visitors of this museum are schoolchildren, and the methods of work with visitors are interactive

The initial period of the organization of the special settlement system in Kazakhstan is characterized by the presence of a significant number of children of former kulaks. Their stay in exile falls during the famine of 1931—1933 in the region. The article provides a brief analysis of historiography on the topic, paying attention to its fragmentary nature. The author comes to the conclusion that the problem of children of special settlers in Kazakhstan at that time was not adequately reflected in the national historical science. The article examines the regional features of deportations to Kazakhstan, the situation of children of special settlers during the famine of the 1930s, focuses on the causes of high child mortality. It turns out how these events were preserved in the memory of children of special settlers. When analyzing the events of 1931—1933, a multifactorial approach is used (taking into account natural, climatic, socio-economic and political reasons)

The article examines the Soviet regulatory framework of repressive policy towards minors. The main laws, resolutions, as well as other policy documents revealing the essence and scope of the policy of repression of children are analyzed. The main categories of children who have been subjected to repression are identified and characterized. Having systematized the available normative framework, the authors identified five stages from 1918 to 1958, where the main criterion was legislative documents aimed at tightening or softening the repressive policy towards the underage contingent. The authors conclude that the Soviet authorities had developed a special legal framework, classified as “top secret” and “secret”, which allowed repressed children to be recognized as social outcasts and brought up by harsh methods in places of isolation. This legal framework did not comply with the norms and principles of international law

The article considers the history of the establishment and activities of the NKVD labor educational colonies in the Kazakh SSR during the Great Patriotic War as one of the measures to combat homelessness, neglect and juvenile criminality. On the example of Shokai and Kazalinsk labor educational colonies the author raise the problems associated with the opening and work of this type of institutions, because the colonies were opened in conditions of extreme haste and could not provide the pupils with satisfactory conditions of detention. The author analyze the reasons for sending teenagers to labor © Абдукаримова Ж. К., 2023 123 РЕПРЕССИВНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В ОТНОШЕНИИ ДЕТЕЙ В 1930—1950-Х ГГ. educational colonies. Materials from Kazakhstani and Russian archives were used in writing this article

Elena Antipoff has played an important role in promoting a sociocultural approach to educational psychology in Brazil. Based on the knowledge advanced for its time, acquired in Paris, Geneva and Petrograd, and headed since 1929. one of the first psychological laboratories in Brazil, she proposed a fundamentally new explanation for the drop in school performance in public educational institutions in that country. For the first time in Russian, an article on her work is presented1, which can be divided into three periods: “Experience in Europe” (1909—1929), “Criticism of the Brazilian national education system” (1929—1945) and “Putting forward alternatives” (1945—1974). The contribution of E.V. Antipoff to the study of the development of intellectual abilities of children, based on cultural and environmental theories, is considered in relation to the achievements of Geneva interactionism and L.S. Vygotsky's cultural and historical concept, as well as in the context of a critical view of the Brazilian educational system

The article discusses the organization of education for the children of Russian refugees, called “White Russians,” in Istanbul in 1920–1923. The main focus of the study is on the quantitative analysis, on the age and social composition of the children of White immigrants, and the property status of refugees. Also the assistance of Russian and international charitable organizations in the creation of educational institutions for the children of White immigrants is highlighted. The school educational process is analyzed, and the future fate of Istanbul educational institutions is revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the three-year active work of Russian and foreign organizations in Istanbul to save Russian children from death, namely to ensure their nutrition, upbringing and education, practically ceased by the end of 1923 due to the transfer of some of the schools to Bulgaria and Belgium and the gradual closure of the remaining ones

The article considers the process of formation of social communication skills as a necessary condition for students' training in the field of international relations. The concept of social communications is defined, their importance in the modern space of international relations is argued. The article reveals the project approach as an effective mechanism of social communication skills formation. The experience of project activity implementation at the Siberian Institute of Management among junior students of “International Relations” training direction is analyzed and presented

The change in the geopolitical priorities of the Russian Federation, which began after the Ukrainian crisis of 2013—2014 and was finalized with the beginning of the special military operation, has seriously affected the choice of foreign languages for learning. Due to the growing interest in learning Chinese, teaching it in regions where it has not been presented before (including using video links) is becoming relevant. The authors summarize the experience of work with young people from the Luhansk and Donetsk People's Republics and the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic, as well as the city of Sevas© Шульга Д. П., Мнухина Р. М., 2023 166 Шульга Д. П., Мнухина Р. М. Преподавание китайского языка в новых регионах России и Приднестровье topol. The focus is on the choice of training manuals, ways of covering the work in the media, and the prospects of activities

The article analyzes two memorial projects that organized the writing of memoirs by ordinary Soviet citizens in Novosibirsk in the 1960s and early 1990s. The first project was carried out by the staff of the Cultural Construction Sector of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which collected memoirs of Soviet intellectuals. As part of the second project, the Club of Veterans of Pedagogical Labor of Novosibirsk organized a collection of memoirs of the city's teachers. The study focuses on the new methodological principles of historians and local historians, which actualized the value of the professional biography of the Soviet worker

The article is devoted to the unique objects of Siberia: a copper smelter and a mint. The territories rich in forests and minerals, as well as the presence of the Ob River, led to the opening of enterprises important for the life of the region in Suzun. The article uses information from the State Archive of the Novosibirsk region, in particular the Decrees of the Suzun Mining Office and the Suzun Mining Office of the Altai Mining District. The characteristics of unique historical and cultural sites are given taking into account general information about the Suzunsky district, which also has other valuable historical monuments and memorable historical sites