Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023)

The article is devoted to the analysis of a number of methodological problems of the study of the social mechanism of continuity in the development of spiritual culture. The aim of the work is to present cultural continuity as a set of interconnected information processes. Spiritual culture is considered as a subsystem of culture, its content is defined as a historically specific variant of the formational type of spiritual production. Continuity exists as an aspect of genetic connection, it is established between spiritual cultures that replace each other within a separate social organism. Cultural continuity is the reproduction of the content of the past spiritual culture in the subsequent system and its change. Cultural continuity exists only as part of a revolutionary process (intercultural transition), which has the social character of a formational shift and/or a political shift, a change in the political system, if this change can be considered as a cultural transformation that demonstrates profound changes in the political worldview and political state. In the composition of culture, it is necessary to distinguish: a) the ideological core formed by values specific to the new qualitative state of culture; b) axiologically neutral periphery, including the infrastructure of spiritual production, scientific and technical knowledge. The latter is the priority object of succession, because it is transferred to the new culture with minimal change and distortion. The continuity is always a communication. Initially it has the character of interaction of subjects of living spiritual activity and then — unilateral influence of the objectified activity (the text, which is the cultural patrimony) on their followers. The live activity begins and completes the act of communication. The conservative moment of morality is acts of understanding. Understanding is a stable reproduction of the content of the message (cultural text). As the new culture strengthens and the old one is deinstitutionalized, the unity of living and objectified activity in communication is destroyed, which calls into question the authenticity of understanding

The article, based on the materials of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History, examines the activities of the Academy of Social Sciences (AON) of the CPSU Central Committee, an educational organization that was at the center of the system of party training in the USSR after the Great Patriotic War, which had a number of privileges and at the same time helped to critically understand reality. The greatest privilege of professors and graduate students at the AON of the CPSU Central Committee was the ability to access information of a classified nature and to participate in international exchanges. These two sides of the Academy's activity are considered in the article. The author concludes that in the conditions of the post-war development © Иларионова Т. С., 2023 17 ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО НАСЛЕДИЯ of the USSR was significantly expanded circle of people who had an idea of the socialist reality and the international situation and contributed to the change of mindsets in the Soviet society

The Umma of the Asian part of Russia in the course of its development has always been a non-equilibrium system. It was and is composed of elements (personalities and communities, connections between them and the environment, conservative or progressive beliefs and ideas), each of them contributes to the characteristics of this system in the process of cultural formation and influences the identification of all its members

Since the end of the 20th century, in connection with the formation of many independent states, the actualization of ethnic identity through various factors of ethnicity has become particularly important. There is a renewed interest in existing theories of ethnicity. At the beginning of the article scientific views on the subject of essential characteristics of ethnicity are considered, psychological factors of ethnic self-identification of a person are revealed. Then, based on the example of Russian Germans as an ethnic group, the factors of ethnic self-consciousness actualization at the present stage are examined. The text pays attention to the mechanisms of shaping the image of "us", common ethnic interests and the sense of belonging to the group. The method of ethno-sociological interviewing, conducted in 2020, included observation and interviewing during ethnographic expeditions to Omsk, Novosibirsk regions and Altai Krai were used to solve the set tasks. We also monitored the activities of public organizations of Russian Germans in the media and on Internet portals. It was found that at the present stage the key role in the process of updating the ethnic identity of the group is played by non-governmental organizations of Russian Germans, which form a corresponding common image through the creation of fiction, memoirs, popular science and educational literature, documentaries and feature films. The self-organization of Germans also shapes the ethnic interests of the group, the main of which is the creation of conditions for the realization of ethno-cultural potential. At the end of the article we conclude that the ethnic identity of Germans is complex and multilayered in its composition. It is influenced by the historical past of the group, the place of residence, the competence in the native language, religion, and social organizations. According to many members of the ethnic group, being born into a German family is enough to feel German

In the work on the basis of theoretical and methodological analysis and the results of expert surveys the author's view on ethno-cultural heritage in the system of national security of modern Russia is offered. The main risks and threats, as well as opportunities and limitations of the state policy of preservation and development of tangible and intangible ethno-cultural heritage of Russian peoples are highlighted. Ethnocultural heritage must be considered as an important element of national security in the context of multi-cultural societies. Modern Russia, as a multicultural society — multi-ethnic and multiconfessional, should pay special attention to the preservation and development of ethnocultural heritage of all peoples living on its territory. Particular attention should be paid to the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the small indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East

Among the ethnic groups in the Asian monsoon zone, traditional customs and festivals are related to the theme of harvest. The paper highlights the rituals of one of the least studied communities in Russian science, the Dai. The discovery of wild rice played a decisive role in the evolution of mankind, especially in the development and prosperity of the population of southern Eurasia. The gradual development of rice-growing contributed to the evolution of communities in the monsoon belt, enriching their culture. On the one hand, we see the traces of these processes in the material sphere: the growth of the population, the complication of the structure of economic activity, the formation of the tribal and early state structure of society. At the same time, we should not forget the influence of rice on the non-material culture. © Шульга А. А., Юрченко М. А., 2023 47 ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ

The article discusses the problems of preservation and actualization of the nonmaterial cultural heritage of the Russian Germans. The events of ethnic history led to the formation of the unique cultural heritage of the Russian Germans. Such events include numerous migrations, deportations, resettlement, mobilization into the labor army, emigration movement in the late twentieth century. The authors focus on the main types of non-material cultural heritage of Russian Germans and characterize them. Some types of this heritage no longer exist in the culture of modern Germany. In the work aimed at reviving, preserving and updating the cultural heritage of the people, the leading role is played by public organizations at various levels - from federal to local meeting centers and museums. Russian Germans are rapidly losing unique objects of non-material cultural heritage - the dialects of the German language. For this reason, in recent years work has been done to record and preserve this element of culture: scientific linguistic expeditions are organized, databases are created, dialect courses are offered to children, in which speakers of dialects introduce students to different local variants of the German language, and content in dialects is created for various media resources. The song, poetic and prose folklore of Russian Germans survives in rare forms (e.g. songs sung in dialect, bilingual Russian-German songs, compositions written in the labor army, or schwanki). As before, elements of calendar and wedding ceremonies of Russian Germans are still distinctly ethnic in character. They are also recorded and reproduced in various forms not only in the work of social organizations but also in family practices. Many types of material cultural heritage also have non-material forms, such as the tradition and technology of spruce-making or the food practices of the people - many projects are also aimed at their popularization. Many of these elements of non-material cultural heritage have become important tools in the construction of ethnic identity

In the article the author characterizes the Cossack song folklore of military content, marks out a variety of thematic variants of the texts of the songs, reflecting the most complicated periods of the history of the Russian Cossacks and specific historical events. The songs open up specific processes, phenomena and facts, motives of characters' deeds, characterize their inner world. The created variants of the texts were adapted to the specific melodic constructions, without disturbing the musical and rhythmic basis of the songs. The synthesis of such elements as musical language, text and rhythm allowed to form a new song as an independent phenomenon of folklore. The article used materials of modern folklorists and Cossack scholars, and collected by the author in the course of numerous folklore and ethnographic expeditions conducted on the territory of Kuzbass, information about songs, tales, tales, reflecting the rich spiritual world of the Russian, including the Siberian, Cossacks

The article is based on historical and ethnographic, ethnosociological, ethnopsychological and museological researches of the author in 1980—2022. It examines the main milestones of ethnic history and culture of the Siberian Cossacks from the campaign of Ermak in 1580s up to the present time. The historical and cultural heritage of the Cossacks is based on all-Russian and East Slavic bases. The Siberian Cossacks are characterized by a special variability of self-consciousness and cultural traditions due to the heterogeneity of their social, ethnic and religious composition, the vast territory and different © Жигунова М. А., 2023 1 Работа проводится по проекту НИР № 0329-2019-0005 «Население южнотаежной и лесостепной зон Западной Сибири и Северного Казахстана: историко-культурные реконструкции и современность». 72 Жигунова М. А. Историко-культурное наследие сибирского казачества… natural and geographical conditions of residence, a variety of performed functions and economic activities